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Special
Topics:
VALUING
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
DEFINING
THE VALUE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT A COMPANY’S “TRUE
VALUE”.
In
today’s information-based world, commerce in intangible assets or intellectual
property – copyrights, patents, trademarks, etc. – often overshadows
that of tangible assets. Entertainment,
software, and media corporations recognize that the value of their strategic assets lies in their intellectual property,
not the physical plant.
Defining
the value of intellectual property has become more critical that ever. How
do you properly value an asset that can’t be easily defined or touched
yet may yield fortunes? Savvy
companies turn to the expertise of Arthur
Consulting Group.
We
specialize in preparing thoroughly documented tax studies and expert testimony
for clients requiring independent support for negotiation, due diligence,
reporting, audit, or litigation purposes.
WHAT
IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?
Intellectual
property is an intangible asset with a measurable value not predicated
on physical characteristics. Intellectual property can refer to patents,
trademarks, trade names, copyrights, and trade secrets or “know-how”,
all of which have “rights”, attached to ownership.
The law protects the owner of intellectual property from unauthorized
exploitation by others.
WHAT
IS ACG’S METHODOLOGY FOR ESTABLISHING VALUE?
This
overview of a trademark or brand valuation illustrates the required blend
of technical expertise, experience, and skill needed to correctly value
intellectual property.
ACG’s
methodology is based upon the premise that an intellectual property’s
true value is what another party would pay to buy or rent the asset in
the marketplace.
Our
valuation approach encompasses the following:
- Identifying comparable
royalty rate transactions for similar assets.
- Evaluating the
strengths of each asset being valued compared to similar assets.
- Comparing the information
found in the comparable transaction data with the evaluation of strengths
for the brand or the trademark. This
allows the selection of a specific royalty rate attributable to the
asset.
- Estimating the
remaining useful life of the asset.
- Determining the
appropriate growth rate for the associated revenues.
- Establishing a
suitable discount rate, which takes into account all risk factors.
- Using the above
information, a royalty rate for the brand is applied to projected sales
to quantify the earnings or cash flow. The net present value of future earnings is
then determined by applying the previously determined discount rate
Examples
of Complex Intellectual Property Valuations Preformed by Arthur Consulting
Group
- A
valuation involving eight major trade names for one of the largest group
of apparel specialty stores in the United States.
- Valuing global
proprietary technology, including engineering drawings and computer
guided manufacturing processes of a leading worldwide apparel maker.
- Isolation of the
value of operating system software, distinct from firmware and hardware,
for the leading maker of visual computing systems for technical, scientific,
and corporate applications.
- A valuation of
the trade names, trademarks, and the secret formulae of a Brazilian
pharmaceutical company for a multinational pharmaceutical firm.
- Valuing local origination
programming and news and graphics libraries of several major market
affiliates of national television networks.
- A valuation of
engineering process drawings for a major oil & gas firm in its acquisition
of a regional specialty chemicals producer.
- Author of a position
paper for the IRS on the valuation of franchises.
WHAT
EVENTS MIGHT “TRIGGER” THE NEED FOR THIS TYPE OF VALUATION?
- Acquisition
of a Company. When intellectual
property is an important component of an acquisition target, a valuation
will help establish the fair price, and support sales price negotiations.
- Litigation. Litigation may change or threaten the ownership
of intellectual property. Valuation
for litigation purposes includes bankruptcy, breach of contract, patent
infringement, business interruption, death of principal, martial dissolution,
minority stockholder rights, and others.
- Licensing
or Franchise Agreements. Appropriate
royalty rates must be established in conjunction with the use, license,
or franchise of intellectual property.
- Lending
Decisions. Some lenders
typically require an independent appraisal for cash flow-based financing
or for intellectual property pledged as collateral against the loan
or credit line.
- Charitable
Contributions. Charitable
contribution of intangible assets worth over $5,000 requires independent
valuation under Section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code.
- Business
Valuation. When a partnership
or corporation is formed, the valuation of contributed intellectual
property is instrumental in determining the value of each founder’s
share.
- Purchase
Price Allocation. Intellectual
property may be among the assets of an acquisition.
The allocation of value to the underlying assets – both tangible
– establishes the acquiring firm’s associated basis, depreciation and
amortization. Some intellectual
property is eligible for favorable treatment under IRC Section 197,
which governs this issue.
Index
| Financial Analysis | Property
Tax & Real Estate | Construction Valuation
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& Use Taxes | Corporate Overview |
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© 1996-2002. Arthur Consulting Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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